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Architecture

Workload types

TypeDescription
low0W - 15W
medium15W - 50W
highfrom 50W

Network Topology

The homelab is organized with a segmented network topology to isolate different types of traffic and services. This helps improve security, performance, and management. Key components of the network topology include:

  • VLANs: Different VLANs are used for separating services such as:

    • Management (for administrative access to servers and networking gear).
    • Services (for internal services such as file storage, media servers, etc.).
    • IoT Devices (to separate less-secure devices like smart home gadgets).
    • Guest Network (for isolated network access without touching sensitive systems).
  • Router and Firewall:

    • Router: Central router that connects all devices and handles traffic between VLANs and the internet.
    • Firewall: Security rules enforced by either a dedicated hardware firewall or a software firewall on the router. These rules govern what devices and VLANs can communicate with each other.
  • VPN Access:

    • VPN (e.g., WireGuard or OpenVPN) is used for secure remote access to the homelab from external networks, providing encrypted traffic for managing the homelab remotely.

Network Diagram (optional)

A visual diagram (e.g., created with Lucidchart, draw.io, or any network diagram tool) helps to visualize how devices are interconnected across different VLANs, switches, routers, and external connections.

Hardware Components

The homelab consists of various hardware components that form the backbone of its infrastructure. Below is a high-level overview:

Servers

  • Primary Server:

    • Model: Dell PowerEdge T340
    • CPU: Intel Xeon E-2224
    • RAM: 32 GB ECC RAM
    • Storage: 2x 1TB SSD (RAID 1) for the OS, 4x 4TB HDD (RAID 5) for data
    • Role: Hypervisor (e.g., Proxmox, ESXi) for running virtual machines and containers.
  • Secondary Server (Optional):

    • Model: Intel NUC 10
    • CPU: Intel i7-10710U
    • RAM: 16 GB
    • Storage: 512GB NVMe SSD
    • Role: Backup server and test environment for lightweight tasks.

Networking Gear

  • Router: Ubiquiti EdgeRouter 4 (or similar).
  • Switch: Ubiquiti UniFi 16-port Managed Switch.
  • Access Points: UniFi UAP-AC-PRO for wireless access.
  • Firewall: Dedicated firewall using pfSense or OPNsense.

Storage

  • NAS (Network Attached Storage):

    • TrueNAS Core running on a dedicated server.
    • Disks: 4x 6TB HDDs (RAID-Z for redundancy).
    • Shared via SMB and NFS for file access across the homelab.
  • Backup Storage:

    • External USB drives or cloud storage (e.g., Backblaze B2, Storj) for offsite backups.

Software Stack

The homelab runs a diverse software stack to manage services, automation, and networking. Below are key components:

Virtualization and Containers

  • Hypervisor: Proxmox VE (or VMware ESXi).
  • Containers:
    • Docker for running containerized services (e.g., Nextcloud, Vaultwarden).
    • Kubernetes (Optional) for orchestrating containers at scale.

Services

  • Self-Hosted Services:

    • Nextcloud for file syncing and sharing.
    • Vaultwarden for password management.
    • Plex or Jellyfin for media streaming.
    • Home Assistant for home automation.
    • Grafana and Prometheus for monitoring and metrics collection.
  • Backup Tools:

    • Restic or Kopia for automated backups.
    • Duplicati for encrypted, scheduled cloud backups.
  • Monitoring Tools:

    • Netdata for system performance monitoring.
    • Uptime Kuma for tracking service uptime.

Security and Network

  • Firewall: pfSense or OPNsense managing network security rules.
  • VPN: WireGuard for secure remote access.
  • Let's Encrypt: SSL/TLS certificates for securing internal and external services.
  • Ansible: Used for automation and configuration management across systems.

Automation and Orchestration

  • Ansible: To automate system provisioning and configuration.
  • CI/CD: GitLab CI for deploying applications and managing infrastructure.
  • Docker Compose: For orchestrating multi-container setups.

Summary

The homelab is designed with scalability, security, and flexibility in mind. It consists of a structured network with VLANs, reliable hardware for virtualization and storage, and a robust software stack that supports everything from self-hosted services to automation and backups.